Screamingiraffe

Greetings everyone, Today marks the first day rebuilding the site since 2016 when the system that hosted the old site was destroyed and the data was unrecoverable. I plan on slowly building upon and improving the site over the next year with a Grand Re-opening sometime Q4 2023. Ideas are graciously welcomed - Thank you As a test, the new site is running on the following: OS: Ubuntu 22.04 LTS x64 server Hardware: Raspberry Pi 4 1 x 32GB SDXC Micro 2 x 1TB SSD storage Connection: 1 Gbp/s sync fiber

[X.509 CERTIFICATE INFORMATION] DER: Distinguished Encoding Rules Extension: .der (can be: .cer) Notepad: No / Binary Use: Java certificates Public Key: Yes Private Key: Yes Password protected: No Typical use: Java certificates PEM: Privacy-Enhanced Mail Extension: .pem (can be: .cer, (.key for private key by using OpenSSL)) Notepad: Yes / ASCII Public Key: yes Private Key: Yes Password protected: Typical use: All platforms / encrypted email PKCS#12: Public Key Cryptography Standards #12 Successor to .PFX (created by Microsoft) Extension: .p12, (.pfx if older format) Notepad: Yes / ASCII Public Key: Yes Private Key: Yes Password protected: Yes Note: Can store multiple certificates (root, chain, certificate, anchor) PKCS7: Public Key Cryptography Standards #7 Extension: .p7b Notepad: Yes / ASCII Public Key: Yes Private Key: No Typical Use: Microsoft Windows Applications, Java Tomcat CER: Certificate Can be encoded as either BINARY (similar to .der) or ASCII (similar to .pem) Extension: .cer, .crt Notepad: Depends on encoding (see above statement) Public Key: Yes Private Key: No Password protected: No Typical Use: Microsoft Windows applications

[X.509 CERTIFICATE INFORMATION] DER: Distinguished Encoding Rules Extension: .der (can be: .cer) Notepad: No / Binary Use: Java certificates Public Key: Yes Private Key: Yes Password protected: No Typical use: Java certificates PEM: Privacy-Enhanced Mail Extention: .pem (can be: .cer, (.key for private key by using OpenSSL)) Notepad: Yes / ASCII Public Key: yes Private Key: Yes Password protected: Typical use: All platforms / encrypted email PKCS#12: Public Key Cryptography Standards #12 Successor to .PFX (created by Microsoft) Extension: .p12, (.pfx if older format) Notepad: Yes / ASCII Public Key: Yes Private Key: Yes Password protected: Yes Note: Can store multiple certificates (root, chain, certificate, anchor) PKCS7: Public Key Cryptography Standards #7 Extension: .p7b Notepad: Yes / ASCII Public Key: Yes Private Key: No Typical Use: Microsoft Windows Applications, Java Tomcat CER: Certificate Can be encoded as either BINARY (similar to .der) or ASCII (similar to .pem) Extension: .cer, .crt Notepad: Depends on encoding (see above statement) Public Key: Yes Private Key: No Password protected: No Typical Use: Microsoft Windows applications Generate a new private key and Certificate Signing Request openssl req -out CSR.csr -new -newkey rsa:2048 -nodes -keyout privateKey Generate CSR and private key alternate openssl req -new -newkey rsa:2048 -nodes -keyout yourdomain.key -out yourdomain.csr -subj "/C=US/ST=Florida/L=Saint Petersburg/O=Your Company, Inc./OU=IT/CN=yourdomain.com" • Country Name: 2-digit country code where your organization is legally located. • State/Province: Write the full name of the state where your organization is legally located. • City: Write the full name of the city where your organization is legally located. • Organization Name: Write the legal name of your organization. • Organization Unit: Name of the department • Common Name: Your Fully Qualified Domain Name Generate a certificate signing request (CSR) for an existing private key openssl req -out CSR.csr -key privateKey.key -new Generate a certificate signing request based on an existing certificate openssl x509 -x509toreq -in certificate.crt -out CSR.csr -signkey privateKey.key Remove a passphrase from a private key openssl rsa -in privateKey.pem -out newPrivateKey.pem Checking Using OpenSSL If you need to check the information within a Certificate, CSR or Private Key, use these commands. You can also check CSRs and check certificates using our online tools. Check a Certificate Signing Request (CSR) openssl req -text -noout -verify -in CSR.csr Check a private key openssl rsa -in privateKey.key -check Check a certificate openssl x509 -in certificate.crt -text -noout Check a PKCS#12 file (.pfx or .p12) openssl pkcs12 -info -in keyStore.p12 Debugging Using OpenSSL If you are receiving an error that the private doesn't match the certificate or that a certificate that you installed to a site is not trusted, try one of these commands. If you are trying to verify that an SSL certificate is installed correctly, be sure to check out the SSL Checker. Check an MD5 hash of the public key to ensure that it matches with what is in a CSR or private key openssl x509 -noout -modulus -in certificate.crt | openssl md5 openssl rsa -noout -modulus -in privateKey.key | openssl md5 openssl req -noout -modulus -in CSR.csr | openssl md5 Check an SSL connection. All the certificates (including Intermediates) should be displayed openssl s client -connect www.paypal.com:443 [Converting Using OpenSSL] These commands allow you to convert certificates and keys to different formats to make them compatible with specific types of servers or software. For example, you can convert a normal PEM file that would work with Apache to a PFX (PKCS#12) file and use it with Tomcat or IIS. Use our SSL Converter to convert certificates without messing with OpenSSL. You can add -nocerts to only output the private key or add -nokeys to only output the certificates. Convert a DER file (.crt .cer .der) to PEM openssl x509 -inform der -in certificate.cer -out certificate.pem Convert a PEM file to DER openssl x509 -outform der -in certificate.pem -out certificate.der Convert a PKCS#12 file (.pfx .p12) containing a private key and certificates to PEM openssl pkcs12 -in keyStore.pfx -out keyStore.pem -nodes Convert a PEM certificate file and a private key to PKCS#12 (.pfx .p12) openssl pkcs12 -export -out certificate.pfx -inkey privateKey.key -in certificate.crt -certfile CACert.crt Convert PFX to PEM openssl pkcs12 -in certificate.pfx -out certificate.cer -nodes Output the public part of a private key openssl rsa -in key.pem -pubout -out pubkey.pem [Formats] RSA Public Key -----BEGIN RSA PUBLIC KEY----- -----END RSA PUBLIC KEY----- Encrypted PEM Private Key -----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY----- Proc-Type: 4,ENCRYPTED -----END RSA PRIVATE KEY----- CRL -----BEGIN X509 CRL----- -----END X509 CRL----- CRT -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- -----END CERTIFICATE----- CSR -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE REQUEST----- -----END CERTIFICATE REQUEST----- NEW CSR -----BEGIN NEW CERTIFICATE REQUEST----- -----END NEW CERTIFICATE REQUEST----- PEM -----END RSA PRIVATE KEY----- -----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY----- PKCS7 -----BEGIN PKCS7----- -----END PKCS7----- PRIVATE KEY -----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY----- -----END PRIVATE KEY----- DSA KEY -----BEGIN DSA PRIVATE KEY----- -----END DSA PRIVATE KEY----- Elliptic Curve -----BEGIN EC PRIVATE KEY----- -----BEGIN EC PRIVATE KEY----- PGP Private Key -----BEGIN PGP PRIVATE KEY BLOCK----- -----END PGP PRIVATE KEY BLOCK----- PGP Public Key -----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK----- -----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----